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On Wednesday, February 17, 2010
Cards | Periods of the Music> Avant-gardes
Expressionism
He was born in Germany and was characterized by the contrasts and the passion, playing with the unconscious one. This period stood out for the theories psicologistas and his application to the arts. The above mentioned postulates arose in Vienna amazed by the discoveries of Sigmund Freud and scandalized with the sounds of the school of Schoenberg. The new musician was not looking for the balance, but for the opposite. Of the roots of the wagnerismo and the postromanticism, there arose an orientation that ended up by disarming the traditional elements, for the anarchic impetus of the atonalismo and with a language that invented its own structure: the dodecaphonism. The term expressionism, like earlier the impressionism, was used at first to describe a pictorial current. The expressionism was subjective for definition and that's why it is related to the romanticism but it differs in the means. His principal topic there were the conflicts, anxieties, fears and irrational impulses of the human being in general.
Microtonalismo
With the exception of not European cultures, like the Arabs or the hindúes, and beyond the skill of the dodecaphonism, the tonality was attacked from his refining in semitones, which was remaining inalterable from Pitágoras times. The Czech Alois Haba and later the Mexican Julián Carrillo they investigated the microtonality, proposing new parts of the tone: thirds of tone, quarters of tone, etc. Other precursors independent from this "micro-revolution" were an Ivan Vishnegradski and the dazzling North American Ivés. One of the problems of these works was to find instruments adapted for his execution. Some of them used two pianos perfected with a quarter of difference tone and others proposed the construction of new instruments. Nowadays, the electronic instruments allow to use any division of the sonorous continuum.
Dodecaphonism
After a break of six years, Schoenberg formulated a composition method with twelve sounds only related between themselves. It was in 1923. The base of the composition was the series, a line in which they were alternating twelve chromatic sounds of the western refining without be repeating. This series served like base of changes that were altering his reading, although they were keeping the internal structure intact. To such an end, Schoenberg used all the polyphonic resources with which it was provided, from the retrogradación (of the end at the beginning of the series) and the investment (the intervals up go now down, and vice versa), to the retrograde investment (combination of the previous ones) and all the possible transpositions. The sounds of the series could be used successively (as melodies) or simultaneous (like harmony or counterpoint).Atonalismo
Three pieces for piano op. 11 of Schoenberg was one of the first works that broke completely with all hierarchic reference to the tonality. Although there were signs of the new language in his Second quartet and then in The book of the hanging gardens. Despite the innovation, Schoenberg was not considered to be an avant-gardist, but it had arrived at the atonalismo like an inevitable consequence of the historical development. This rupture did not limit itself to his pupils, but it seduced composers emphasized like Richard Strauss in Salomé and Elektra, Mahler in the Adagio of the Tenth symphony, Sibelius in his Fourth symphony or Scriabin, who died on the verge of leaving the tonality. In addition to some early works of Berg (Three Pieces for band) and of Webern (Six orchestral Pieces), the atonalismo influenced also Edgar Várese and the North Americans Charles Ivés, Carl Ruggles and Henry Cowell, while in Russia we recognize it in Roslavets.
Brief
On February 17, 1653: Arcangelo Corelli, musician and Italian composer is born. Grosso contributed to the crystallization of the concerto. Author of numerous instrumental works (Concert of Christmas, The Follia, sonatas), father of the sonata for violin and inspirer of a group of composers of this instrument like Varacini, Germiniani and Viotti.
On February 13, 1883: Richard Wagner dies in Venice. Composer of German origin, renovator of the romantic opera. His inclination towards the music did not wake up up to knowing the works of Weber and Beethoven. After a life lax and invested in the game and the women, he married and traveled to Paris and then to Dresden, where his work was recognized. The transfer of his remains was comparable to the funeral procession of a big sovereign one.
On February 13, 1976: the soprano Lily Pons dies. A voice crystalline and extended towards the sharp one, joined a graceful figure and personal friendliness, they constitute the props of the formidable success of Lily Pons. An exceeded publicity helped to do of her almost a sacred monster of the singing; so much it was so in the decade of '40 went so far as to consider her to be the best singer of the world.
On February 12, 1924: there is released "Rhapsody In Blue" of George Gershwin. Gershwin managed to unite in this work three fundamental elements of the music of his country: the piano popular tradition, the harmonic treatment of the music of the theater of varieties and all the ambience of the African American blues.
On February 10, 1881: I release in Paris of "The Stories of Hoffmann" of Jacques Offenbach. The opera is an adaptation of Jules Barbier and Michel Carré of several stories of writer Ernst T.A. Hoffmann. The first one takes place with a mechanical doll, the second one with the victim of the conjuration of a magician, and the third one with a moribund sick person. The history begins with a prologue ambientado in a bar.
Appointments
Daniel Barenboim
"The director does not have physical contact with the music that his instrumentalists produce and at most he can correct the phrasing or the rhythm of the score but his gesture does not exist if it does not find a band that is receiving"George Gershwin
"It would give everything what I have as a little of the genius that Schubert needed to compose his Ave Maria"Gustav Mahler
"When the work turns out to be a success, when a problem has been solved, we forget the difficulties and the perturbations and feel richly rewarded"Franz Schubert
"When one is inspired by something good, the musician is born fluently, the melodies sprout; really this is a big satisfaction"Bedrich Smetana
"With the help and the God's grace, I will be a Mozart in the composition and a Liszt in the skill"
MULTIMEDIA
Symphony Nº 6 "Patética"
Piotr Illich Chaikovski
Ludvig van Beethoven
Biography
The brief life
Manuel de Falla
I agree for violin Nº 4
Georg Philipp Telemann
Interpreters
Musicians
Astor Piazzolla
Piazzolla represents one of the rarest cases in which an author is unrolled of extraordinary form so much in the world of the popular music, with his tangos of Buenos Aires, as in that of the refined or classic music. Called symphonic tango created a new genre renewing this way of decisive form the tango. If it is considered that the work of Piazzolla begins in 1946 with The desbande and concludes in 1990, with Him grand tango and with Five tango sensations, that the same year records with the quartet of ropes Kronos, it is deduced that it covers 46 years, space in which it produced not less than eight hundred works.
Voices
Carlos Gardel
Carlos Gardel is perhaps the biggest myth of the Argentina. His artistic skill, his incomparable talent as singer of the suburbs of Buenos Aires, his musical instinct to compose some of the biggest tangos of all the times, his marvelous character, his fanaticism for the careers, have led him to being equalled perhaps only by another legend of the country of the south of the Silver: Eva Perón. Nevertheless, while all political activity can be worth of objections, comments and mistrust on the part of certain sectors of the population, the figure of Carlos Gardel is erected as universally for all the Argentinians and the followers of the tango across the world.
Paris, on February 16
Juan José Mosalini: the soul of the bandoneón beats in Paris
The music and the dance of the River Plate came to the margins of the Seine more than one century ago, seducing the French, but Juan José Mosalini lives through the tango now a real explosion in France, of the hand of some of his contemporary teachers, like the bandoneonista. In an interview with the AFP in Paris, before traveling to Argentina, where it will offer two concerts, and from which it will set off then in the direction of China, Mosalini evoked "passionate and unconditional" relation between Paris and the tango and between he and the bandoneón, which came to his hands when it was a chiquilín.
Granada, on February 16
International festival tango Granada dedicates his XXII edition to Carlos Gardel
75 anniversary of the death of the singer and tanguista Carlos Gardel will lead XXII edition of the International Festival of Tango of Granada, which also will organize several parallel activities between which there are holidays of trasnoche, tango in the university or an exhibition. Between the artists who will take part in three forms of the festival - dance, set of instruments and sung - there is Leo Sujatovich, Cristian Zárate and the Japanese couple of dance Kyoto and Hiros Yamao.
